1. Fundamental Design Differences
| Parameter | Trapezoidal Screw (ACME Thread) | Ball Screw |
|---|---|---|
| Working Principle | Sliding friction (metal-to-metal) | Rolling friction (ball recirculation) |
| Contact Type | Surface contact | Point contact |
| Backlash | 0.1-0.5mm (requires anti-backlash nut) | ≤0.05mm (eliminable with preload) |
| Self-Locking | Yes (when lead angle < friction angle) | No (requires brake) |
2. Performance Characteristics
- Speed Limits:
- Trapezoidal: ≤1 m/s (due to heat generation)
- Ball Screw: Up to 5 m/s (DN value >140,000)
Load Capacity:
| Load Type | Trapezoidal Advantage | Ball Screw Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Static Axial Load | Better (larger contact area) | Risk of ball denting |
| Dynamic Shock Load | More resistant (cast iron nuts) | Requires reinforced design |
| Radial Load | Requires separate support | Can handle limited radial loads |
3. Precision & Lifetime
Accuracy Standards:
| Standard | Trapezoidal (ISO) | Ball Screw (JIS) |
|---|---|---|
| Lead Error | ±0.05mm/300mm | ±0.01mm/300mm |
| Repeatability | ±0.05mm | ±0.005mm |
Service Life Calculation:
- Trapezoidal Screw:
L10=(PC)3×106 rev - Ball Screw:
L10=(PC)3×106 rev
(Typical ball screw life is 5-8× longer)
cF
| Cost Factor | Trapezoidal Screw | Ball Screw |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Cost | Low (30-50% of ball screw) | High (precision manufacturing) |
| Maintenance | Regular lubrication required | Often maintenance-free |
| Energy Consumption | Higher (lower efficiency) | Lower (energy saving) |
5. Application Guidelines
Choose Trapezoidal When:
- Vertical axes (self-locking)
- Heavy loads (>10kN) at low speeds (<0.5m/s)
- Harsh environments (foundries, mining)
Select Ball Screws For:
- High-speed CNC machines
- Precision instruments (micron-level)
- 24/7 continuous operation
6. Selection Algorithm
7. Technology Trends
Trapezoidal Innovations:
- Polymer nuts (μ≈0.15)
- Smart support units with load sensors
Ball Screw Advancements:
- Quiet operation (<45dB)
- Ceramic balls (DN >200,000)
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Note: All technical values should be replaced with your company’s actual test data. Include downloadable CAD models and engineering calculators for lead generation.